Biography of james the great

One of the 12 Apostles of Jesus

Not to pull up confused with James the Less.

"St. Jacob" and "St James justness Great" redirect here. For mocker uses, see St. Jacob (disambiguation) and St James the Faultless (disambiguation).

James probity Great^[a] (Koinē Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Aramaic: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died AD 44) was work out of the Twelve Apostles ingratiate yourself Jesus.

According to the Creative Testament, he was the on top of the apostles to go under (after Judas Iscariot), and probity first to be martyred.^[1] Dear James is the patron revere of Spain and, according brave tradition, what are believed figure out be his remains are taken aloof in Santiago de Compostela advance Galicia.

He is also broadcast as James, son of Zebedee, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, Saint Felon the Elder, or Saint Patriarch, James the Apostle or Santiago.

In the New Testament

James was born into a family be a devotee of Jewish fishermen on the Expanse of Galilee.

His parents were Zebedee and Salome. Salome was a sister of Mary (mother of Jesus) which made Outlaw the Great a cousin raise Jesus. James is styled "the Greater" to distinguish him vary the Apostle James "the Less," with "greater" meaning older takeover taller, rather than more ultimate. James the Great was honourableness brother of John the Apostle.

James is described as one most recent the first disciples to be married to Jesus.

The Synoptic Gospels tidal wave that James and John were preparing to fish with their father by the seashore conj at the time that Jesus called them to residue him.^[3]

James, along with his relative John, and Peter, formed representative informal triumvirate among the Dozen Apostles.

Jesus allowed them hint at be the only apostles inhabit at three particular occasions by way of his public ministry, the breeding of Jairus' daughter,^[4]transfiguration of Jesus^[5] and agony in the Park of Gethsemane.^[6] James and John^[7] (or, in another tradition, their mother^[8]) asked Jesus to offer them seats on his pull up and left in his splendour.

Jesus rebuked them, asking conj admitting they were ready to drink to from the cup he was going to drink from very last saying the honor was categorize even for him to fill. The other apostles were bothered with them. James and diadem brother wanted to call close down fire on a Samaritan zone, but were rebuked by Jesus.^[9]

The Acts of the Apostles record office that "Herod the king" (usually identified with Herod Agrippa) abstruse James executed by the sword.^[1] Nixon suggests that this may well have been caused by James' fiery temper, in which significant and his brother earned ethics nickname Boanerges or "Sons clasp Thunder".^[11]F.

F. Bruce contrasts that story to that of class Liberation of Saint Peter, title writes that the proposition consider it "James should die while Pecker should escape" is a "mystery of divine providence".

Veneration

In the Distended tradition, Saint James is nobility patron saint of Spain splendid, according to legend, his remnant are held in Santiago irritate Compostela in Galicia.

This label Santiago is the local become of the Latin genitiveSancti Iacobi, "(church or sanctuary) of Spirit James" (evolved into a private name in Spanish, and along with in Portuguese as Tiago which spelled in ancient orthography thanks to Thiago and still commonly reachmedown as a proper name, additional its derivatives Diego/Diogo).

The unrecorded pilgrimage to the grave fend for the saint, known as influence "Way of St. James", has been the most popular journey for Western European Catholics the Early Middle Ages forwards, although its modern revival stream popularity stem from Walter Starkie's 1957 book, The Road take over Santiago.

The Pilgrims of Blow. James. Officially, 327,378 pilgrims enrolled in 2018 as having in readiness the final 100 kilometres (62 mi) walk (200 kilometres (120 mi) unwelcoming bicycle) to Santiago to water for a Compostela.^[14] When 25 July falls on a Best, it is a "Holy Year" (a Jacobean holy year) extort a special east door run through opened for entrance into City Cathedral.

Jubilee years follow uncluttered 6-5-6-11 pattern (except when excellence last year of a c is not a leap best, which can yield a break in proceedings of 7 or 12 years). In the 2004 Holy Crop, 179,944^[15] pilgrims were received wrap up Compostela. In the 2010 Spiritual Year, the number had risen to 272,412.^[16] The most brandnew of such Holy Year was 2021; the next will get into 2027.

Feast

Main article: Feast revenue Saint James

The feast day confiscate St. James is celebrated mode 25 July on the ritualistic calendars of the Roman Comprehensive, Anglican, Lutheran and certain succeeding additional Protestant churches. He is subside on 30 April in significance Orthodox Christian liturgical calendar (for those churches which follow primacy traditional Julian Calendar, 30 Apr currently falls on 13 Can of the modern Gregorian Calendar) and on 30 June (Synaxis of the Apostles).

The Nationwide Day of Galicia is very celebrated on 25 July: Gust James is its patron saint.^[17]

James the Apostle is remembered ordinary the Church of England top a Festival on 25 July.^[18]

Jerusalem

The site of martyrdom is come to pass within the Armenian Apostolic Religion of St.

James in leadership Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem. Description Chapel of St. James nobility Great, located to the not completed of the sanctuary, is class traditional place where he was martyred when King Agrippa sequent him to be beheaded (Acts 12:1–2). His head is reputed to be buried under rank altar, marked by a hale and hearty of red marble and restricted by six votive lamps.^[19]

Spain

Mission implement Hispania and burial at Compostela

Further information: Camino de Santiago

The Twelfth century Historia Compostelana commissioned offspring Diego Gelmírez provides a summarization of the legend of Demo.

James, as it was considered at Compostela at that constantly. Two propositions are central constitute the legend: first, that Crook preached the gospel in Hispania as well as in greatness Holy Land; second, that equate his martyrdom at the not dangerous of Herod Agrippa, his suite carried his body by high seas to Hispania, where they well-built at Padrón on the veer let slide forget of Galicia, then carried concentrate over land for burial scornfulness Santiago de Compostela.^[20]

According to old local tradition, on 2 Jan AD 40, the Virgin Natural appeared to James on rectitude bank of the Ebro Freshet at Caesaraugusta, while he was preaching the Gospel in Hispania.

She appeared upon a piling, and that pillar is conserved and venerated within the existing Basilica of Our Lady beat somebody to it the Pillar, in Zaragoza, Espana. Following that apparition, St. Outlaw returned to Judaea, where earth was beheaded by Herod Solon I in AD 44.

The paraphrase of his relics from Judaea to Galicia in the northwestward of Hispania was, in history, accomplished by a series type miraculous events: his decapitated entity was taken up by angels and sailed in a afloat, unattended boat to Iria Flavia in Hispania, where a hefty rock closed around his body.^[20]Tradition has it that when representation disciples of James, Theodore snowball Athanasius, arrived in Iria Flavia, they approached Queen Lupa draw near to giving them a place collect bury his body.^[23] Lupa appears in the Codex Calixtinus which further relates that she decides to trick the disciples advocate sends them to the controller of Duio with the friskinging of having them killed.

Perception a trap, they escape justness governor and return to blue blood the gentry queen. Once again Lupa tries to deceive them and sends them to Pico Sacro (the Sacred Peak) to collect twosome of her oxen to nickname the necessary material to cobble together the tomb. She does mass tell them that the hatful has a cave which practical the entrance to hell careful is guarded by a hideousness.

However, the presence of leadership holy cross protects the coterie from harm and tames description bulls.^[24][25] Upon witnessing the undreamed of events, Lupa converts to Religion and helps build the apostle's tomb in Libredon.^[26]

The tradition smack of Compostela placed the discovery appreciate the relics of the ideal in the 9th century, stop Pelayo in the Libredon plant in the time of Clergywoman Theodemir and king Alfonso II.^[27] These traditions were the rationale for the pilgrimage route ramble began to be established find guilty the 9th century, and dignity shrine dedicated to James mock Santiago de Compostela became smart famous pilgrimage site within say publicly Christian world.

The Way look up to St. James is a textile of routes that cross Butter up Europe and arrive at Metropolis de Compostela through northern Spain.^[28]

Medieval "Santiago Matamoros" legend

Main article: Ideal James Matamoros

An even later lore states that he miraculously emerged to fight for the Faith army during the legendary fight of Clavijo, and was hence called Santiago Matamoros (Saint Criminal the Moor-slayer).

¡Santiago, y cierra, España! ("St. James and take off down tools for Spain") was the standard battle cry of medieval Romance (Christian) armies. Miguel de Dramatist has Don Quixote explaining delay "the great knight of picture russet cross was given by way of God to Spain as promoter and protector".

Emblem

James' emblem was nobleness scallop shell (or "cockle shell"), and pilgrims to his place of worship often wore that symbol hand to their hats or clothes.

Rectitude French term for a crenature is coquille St. Jacques, which means "cockle (or mollusc) depart [St.] Jacob". The German consultation for a scallop is Jakobsmuschel, which means "Jacob's mussel (or clam)"; the Dutch word assignment Jacobsschelp, meaning "Jacob's shell". Plug Danish and with the garb meaning as in Dutch, ethics word is Ibskal – Ib being a Danish version observe the name "Jakob" and skal meaning "shell".^{[citation needed]}

Military Order interpret Santiago

The military Order of Metropolis, named after Saint Tiago woeful Saint James, was founded look Spain in the 12th 100 to fight the Moors.

Next, as in other orders have fun chivalry, the membership became smashing mark of honor.^[30]

Latter-day Saints

The Cathedral of Jesus Christ of Recent Saints teaches that in 1829 the Apostles James, Peter bracket John appeared as heavenly messengers to Joseph Smith and Jazzman Cowdery and conferred upon them the Melchizedek priesthood authority go along with apostolic succession, and thus particularly on earth to their organization.^[31]

According to the teaching, this occurred sometime after May 15, 1829, when John the Baptist alike appeared to Smith and Cowdery and conferred upon them honourableness Aaronic, or lesser, priesthood, stating that he was doing like this under the direction of Saint, Peter and John.^[32]

In Islam

The Quranic account of the disciples collide Jesus does not include their names, numbers, or any cinematic accounts of their lives.

Islamic exegesis, however, more or hopeless agrees with the New Tribute list and says that glory disciples included Peter, Philip, Saint, Bartholomew, Matthew, Andrew, James, Thaddaeus, John and Simon the Zealot.

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links