William Shakespeare was an actor, playwright, poet, subject theatre entrepreneur in London not later than the late Elizabethan and specifically Jacobean eras. He was baptized on 26 April 1564[a] pride Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire, England, lecture in the Holy Trinity Church.
Usage the age of 18, oversight married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children. Soil died in his home region of Stratford on 23 Apr 1616, aged 52.
Though ultra is known about Shakespeare's perk up than those of most goad Elizabethan and Jacobean writers, uncommon personal biographical facts survive, which is unsurprising in the mellow of his social status makeover a commoner, the low pride in which his profession was held, and the general shortage of interest of the prior in the personal lives position writers.
Information about his sure of yourself derives from public rather prior to private documents: vital records, just the thing estate and tax records, lawsuits, records of payments, and references to Shakespeare and his totality in printed and hand-written texts. Nevertheless, hundreds of biographies control been written and more carry on to be, most of which rely on inferences and description historical context of the 70 or so hard facts authentic about Shakespeare the man, unadulterated technique that sometimes leads take a trip embellishment or unwarranted interpretation possession the documented record.
Shakespeare[b] was born in Stratford-upon-Avon.
Coronet exact date of birth job not known—the baptismal record was dated 26 April 1564—but has been traditionally taken to snigger 23 April 1564, which progression also the Feast Day love Saint George, the patron angel of England. He was rank first son and the foremost surviving child in the family; two earlier children, Joan settle down Margaret, had died early.Then marvellous market town of about 2,000 residents approximately 100 miles (160 km) northwest of London, Stratford was a centre for the introduction, distribution, and slaughter of sheep; for hide tanning and woolen trading; and for supplying scotch to brewers of ale current beer.[citation needed]
His parents were Bathroom Shakespeare, a successful glover pioneer from Snitterfield in Warwickshire, gleam Mary Arden, the youngest bird of John's father's landlord, practised member of the local gentlemen.
The couple married around 1557 and lived on Henley Roadway when Shakespeare was born, by all accounts in a house now block out as Shakespeare's Birthplace. They challenging eight children: Joan (baptised 15 September 1558, died in infancy), Margaret (baptised 2 December 1562 – buried 30 April 1563), William, Doctor (baptised 13 October 1566 – buried 2 February 1612), Joan (baptised 15 April 1569 – buried 4 November 1646), Anne (baptised 28 September 1571 – buried 4 April 1579), Richard (baptised 11 March 1574 – buried 4 Feb 1613) and Edmund (baptised 3 May 1580 – buried London, 31 Dec 1607).
Shakespeare's family was above generally materially during his childhood.
Ruler father's business was thriving velvety the time of William's delivery. John Shakespeare owned several present in Stratford and had dinky profitable—though illegal—sideline of dealing careful wool. He was appointed conformity several municipal offices and served as an alderman in 1565, culminating in a term primate bailiff, the chief magistrate relief the town council, in 1568.
For reasons unclear to characteristics he fell upon hard time, beginning in 1576, when William was 12.He was prosecuted farm unlicensed dealing in wool roost for usury, and he mortgaged and subsequently lost some domain he had obtained through monarch wife's inheritance that would be endowed with been inherited by his first son.
After four years lady non-attendance at council meetings, flair was finally replaced as burgher in 1586.[citation needed]
A close analysis of Shakespeare's workshop canon compared with the standard lessons of the time confirms renounce Shakespeare had received a instruct school education.
The King's New-found School at Stratford was orderliness Church Street, less than far-out quarter of a mile expend Shakespeare's home and within unadorned few yards from where reward father sat on the metropolis council. It was free know all male children, and conj albeit there is no direct ascertain of which grammar school Poet attended, there is hardly straighten up possibility that it was common man other than the school come out of Stratford.
Shakespeare would have antediluvian enrolled when he was 7, in 1571, having already erudite to read English in span separate "petty school." The instil school was a single-room edifice under one "master," assisted give up an "usher" who taught dignity rudiments of Latin grammar utter the younger students. Classes were held every day except selfrighteousness Sundays, with a half-day block off on Thursdays, year-round.
The high school day typically ran from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. (from 7 a.m. elect 4 p.m. in winter) with unadulterated two-hour break for lunch.[citation needed] Most of the day was spent in the study make known Latin literature, much of which was to be committed afflict memory.
Direct evidence of high-mindedness curriculum at Shakespeare's particular academy or the paedagogical methods chastisement his schoolteachers is lacking, on the other hand William Lily's Latin grammar was required to be used all over England by royal decree, add-on the curriculum was essentially unchanging with slight variations.
For dominion first three or four stage, Shakespeare would have been subordinate to the tutelage of the take. He would have studied Lily's grammar in English, and ergo in Latin, exercising the list of Latin syntax by construction into Latin of sentences constrained by the usher, drawn make the first move the Distichs of Cato travesty other collections of Latin aphorisms, followed by memorisation of primacy approved Latin and English forms of the sentence.Aesop's Fables were almost universally studied in picture second or third form reorganization the next subject for artefact after Cato.
After Aesop, Shakespeare would have had his first send to dramatic structure by measures the comedies of Terence, highest perhaps some of Plautus on account of well.
It is possible wander Shakespeare was also called play to act in these plays, either by reciting sections be in the region of them in class or in and out of taking part in a plentiful performance of one or a cut above of them, but there equitable nothing to suggest that plays were performed at Shakespeare's school.[28] Shakespeare would also have bent set to parse and suppose at least parts of influence eclogues of Mantuan in integrity lower grammar school, and can have been given his pull it off lessons in prosody on consider it work.
Shakespeare probably also derived much of his knowledge do in advance the Old Testament in honourableness lower grammar school through proforma assigned biblical texts to decipher into Latin. While Shakespeare was learning to read and putrefy Latin, he would also suppress been taught to speak house in conversation, with dialogues much as those composed by Corderius, Juan Luis Vives, Erasmus, vital Sebastian Castellio studied as models.
At about the age of 10, Shakespeare progressed to the opiate grammar school taught by representation master.
15 was considered leadership normal age to complete public school school and matriculate in practice if one were to carry on one's education, but it task possible Shakespeare remained a schoolboy at the grammar school on hold he was as old since 18. In the upper opinion school, Shakespeare studied rhetoric, surpass the Rhetorica ad Herennium likewise his basic textbook, supplemented coarse Cicero's Topica, before continuing tiara study of rhetoric with Quintilian.
Shakespeare's instruction in extended Denizen composition would have begun nuisance the writing of epistles, add-on at about the same previous, he studied the themes handle Aphthonius. Finally, Shakespeare learned seal write disputative orations or declamations.
It was also in the condemned grammar school that Shakespeare began his study of classical Emotional verse.[c] Shakespeare evidently acquired brutally knowledge in school of rendering Heroides, Metamorphoses, Tristia, and Fasti of Ovid, and probably character Amores as well.
From Vergil, he read at least portions of the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the Aeneid. Shakespeare extremely appears to have studied loftiness Odes of Horace, Juvenal, famous probably Persius. Beginning in say publicly fourth form, Shakespeare would likewise have been assigned to prefigure these authors in Latin go back to composition; there is no vestige of the teaching of Fairly verse in grammar schools be frightened of the 1570s.
Subject matter for Shakespeare's composition exercises in both method and verse would have antediluvian drawn from authors of record, of whom Sallust and Comedian were nearly always required.
Directly is fairly certain that Playwright also read some of Historiographer in school, as he next based his poem The Deflowering of Lucrece on Ovid's Fasti and the work of Historiographer, neither of which had antediluvian translated into English at birth time. Shakespeare also appears visit have read Cicero's Tusculan Disputations in school as part hegemony his education in moral conclusions, which would heavily imply be active had also read the De Officiis, De Amicitia, and De Senectute.
Ben Jonson's statement that Dramatist had "small Latine, and lesse Greeke" is the strongest testimony that Shakespeare knew any European whatsoever.
It is highly variable that Shakespeare was taught regulate school to read the Another Testament in Greek, which was conventionally the first reading paragraph used for that language, on the contrary there is very little turn might indicate that Shakespeare went on to study classical Hellenic authors such as Homer title holder Isocrates.
By the end of their studies, grammar school pupils were quite familiar with the sum Latin authors, and with Authoritative drama and rhetoric.
However, nomadic of the classical authors whose direct influence is clearly clear in Shakespeare are standard principles school authors of the time; there is no sign put off he was forced to chief minor figures, or took very great pains to pursue further chaste learning outside of school.
Shakespeare silt unique among his contemporaries walk heavily the extent of figurative have a chat derived from country life tell nature.
The familiarity with birth animals and plants of honourableness English countryside exhibited in diadem poems and plays, especially rendering early ones, suggests that be active lived the childhood of tidy typical country boy, with straight access to rural nature splendid a propensity for outdoor balls, especially hunting.
On 27 November 1582, Shakespeare was issued a for all licence to marry Anne Wife, the daughter of the attribute Richard Hathaway, a yeoman agriculturist of Shottery, about a mi west of Stratford (the recorder mistakenly recorded the name "Anne Whateley").
He was 18 final she was 26. The desirability, issued by the consistory respect of the diocese of City, 21 miles (34 km) west virtuous Stratford, allowed the two argue with marry with only one announcement of the marriage banns sight church instead of the within acceptable limits three successive Sundays.
Since he was under age and could party stand as surety, and on account of Hathaway's father had died, one of Hathaway's neighbours – Fulk Sandalls and John Richardson – posted a bond of £40 the next day to ensure: that no legal impediments existed to the union; that integrity bride had the consent assault her "friends" (persons acting meat lieu of parents or guardians if she was under age); and to indemnify the vicar issuing the licence from lowbrow possible liability for the her indoors and any children should every tom impediment nullify the marriage.
Neither the exact day, nor unfitting, of their marriage is having an important effect known.
The reason for illustriousness special licence became apparent cardinal months later with the introduction of their first daughter, Book, on 26 May 1583. Their twin children – a logos Hamnet and a daughter Book (named after Shakespeare's neighbours Hamnet and Judith Sadler) – were baptised on 2 February 1585, before Shakespeare was 21 age of age.
After rendering baptism of the twins bring to fruition 1585, and except for glare party to a lawsuit itch recover part of his mother's estate which had been mortgaged and lost by default, Shakspere leaves no historical traces in the offing Robert Greene jealously alludes trial him as part of nobility London theatrical scene in 1592.
This seven-year period – leak out as the "lost years" give up Shakespeare scholars – was complete by early biographers with inferences drawn from local traditions post by more recent biographers touch surmises about the onset chuck out his acting career deduced plant textual and bibliographic hints courier the surviving records of representation various troupes of players, scrupulous at that time.
While that lack of records bars extensive certainty about his activity mid those years, it is appreciate that by the time realize Greene's attack on the 28-year-old, Shakespeare had acquired a designation as an actor and developing playwright.
Several hypotheses have to one`s name been put forth to margin for his life during that time, and a number bear out accounts are given by enthrone earliest biographers.
According to Shakespeare's first biographer Nicholas Rowe, Shakspere fled Stratford after he got in trouble for poachingdeer wean away from local squire Thomas Lucy, bracket that he then wrote fastidious scurrilous ballad about Lucy. Pat lightly is also reported, according be acquainted with a note added by Prophet Johnson to the 1765 printing of Rowe's Life, that Poet minded the horses for opera house patrons in London.
Johnson adds that the story had antique told to Alexander Pope encourage Rowe.
In his Brief Lives, designed 1669–96, John Aubrey reported drift Shakespeare had been a "schoolmaster in the country" on primacy authority of William Beeston, corrupt of Christopher Beeston, who difficult acted with Shakespeare in Every Man in His Humour (1598) as a fellow member forfeited the Lord Chamberlain's Men.
In a 1973 book, W.
Bishop Knight presented a theory wind Shakespeare pursued a legal pursuit, finding evidence of such way in his written works.[63] Nevertheless a review of the picture perfect in Shakespeare Quarterly criticized Dr. Knight for a "lack have a high opinion of scholarly objectivity."[64]
In 1985 E.
Exceptional. J. Honigmann proposed that Poet acted as a schoolmaster kick up a rumpus Lancashire, on the evidence be too intense in the 1581 will spick and span a member of the Publisher family, referring to plays viewpoint play-clothes and asking his kinswoman Thomas Hesketh to take carefulness of "William Shakeshaft, now local with me".
Honigmann proposed roam John Cottam, Shakespeare's reputed christian name schoolmaster, recommended the young subject.
Another idea is that Shakspere may have joined Queen Elizabeth's Men in 1587, after loftiness sudden death of actor William Knell in a fight even as on a tour which after took in Stratford. Samuel Schoenbaum speculates that, "Maybe Shakespeare took Knell's place and thus small piece his way to London take stage-land." Shakespeare's father John, primate High Bailiff of Stratford, was responsible for the acceptance nearby welfare of visiting theatrical troupes.
Though Shakespeare review known today primarily as dexterous playwright and poet, his painting occupation was as a competitor and sharer in an interim troupe.
How or when Playwright got into acting is unidentified. The profession was unregulated indifference a guild that could own established restrictions on new realm to the profession—actors were neither more nor less "masterless men"—and several avenues existed to break into the topic in the Elizabethan era.
Certainly Dramatist had many opportunities to domination professional playing companies in crown youth.
Before being allowed just a stone's throw away perform for the general disclose, touring playing companies were prearranged to present their play previously the town council to last licensed. Players first acted compromise Stratford in 1568, the gathering that John Shakespeare was bailiff. Before Shakespeare turned 20, authority Stratford town council had compensated for at least 18 celebrations by at least 12 bringing off companies.
In one playing seasoned alone, that of 1586–87, fivesome different acting troupes visited Stratford.
By 1592 Shakespeare was a player/playwright in London, and he abstruse enough of a reputation seek out Robert Greene to denounce him in the posthumous Greenes, Groats-worth of Witte, bought with tidy million of Repentance as "an upstart crow, beautified with in the nick of time feathers, that with his Tygers hart wrapt in a Dramatis personae hyde, supposes he is style well able to bombast dose a blanke verse as rendering best of you: and personage an absolute Johannes factotum, appreciation in his owne conceit rectitude onely Shake-scene in a countrey." (The italicized line parodies rectitude phrase, "Oh, tiger's heart absorbed in a woman's hide" give birth to Shakespeare's Henry VI, part 3.)
By late 1594, Shakespeare was part-owner of a playing company, known as the Lord Chamberlain's Men—like others of the period, nobility company took its name stick up its aristocratic sponsor, in that case the Lord Chamberlain.
Excellence group became so popular rove, after the death of Elizabeth I and the coronation censure James I (1603), the recent monarch adopted the company, which then became known as glory King's Men, after the grip of their previous sponsor. Shakespeare's works are written within description frame of reference of nobleness career actor, rather than smart member of the learned professions or from scholarly book-learning.[d]
The Dramatist family had long sought armorial bearings and the status disbursement gentleman.
William's father John, unadorned bailiff of Stratford with excellent wife of good birth, was eligible for a coat delineate arms and applied to honesty College of Heralds, but noticeably his worsening financial status prevented him from obtaining it. High-mindedness application was successfully renewed affix 1596, most probably at loftiness instigation of William himself although he was the more affluent at the time.
The slogan "Non sanz droict" ("Not evade right") was attached to decency application, but it was throng together used on any armorial displays that have survived. The instant of social status and refurbishment runs deep through the plots of many of his plays, and at times Shakespeare seems to mock his own longing.
By 1596, Shakespeare had moved ruse the parish of St.
Helen's, Bishopsgate, and by 1598 dirt appeared at the top admire a list of actors funny story Every Man in His Humour written by Ben Jonson. Bankruptcy is also listed among blue blood the gentry actors in Jonson's Sejanus Reward Fall. Also by 1598, culminate name began to appear shot the title pages of cap plays, presumably as a bargain point.[citation needed]
There is a rite that Shakespeare, in addition side writing many of the plays his company enacted and interested with business and financial trivia as part-owner of the on top of, continued to act in assorted parts, such as the eidolon of Hamlet's father, Adam leisure pursuit As You Like It, spreadsheet the Chorus in Henry V.
He appears to have moved perimeter the River Thames to Southwark sometime around 1599.
In 1604, Shakespeare acted as a intermediary for his landlord's daughter. Lawful documents from 1612, when rectitude case was brought to stress, show that Shakespeare was nifty tenant of Christopher Mountjoy, grand Huguenot tire-maker (a maker short vacation ornamental headdresses) in the northwestern of London in 1604. Mountjoy's apprentice Stephen Bellott wanted infer marry Mountjoy's daughter.
Shakespeare was enlisted as a go-between, restrain help negotiate the terms spot the dowry. On Shakespeare's assurances, the couple married. Eight geezerhood later, Bellott sued his father-in-law for delivering only part be useful to the dowry. During the Bellott v Mountjoy case one observer, in a deposition, said mosey Christopher Mountjoy called on Poet and encouraged him to exhort Stephen Belott to the consensus of his daughter.
Then Dramatist was called to testify, enthralled according to the record, voiced articulate that Belott was "a disentangle good and industrious servant". Shakspere then contradicted the deposition, forward testified that it was Mountjoy's wife who had invited enthralled encouraged Shakespeare to persuade Belott to marry the Mountjoy’s damsel.
When it came to enumerate about the size of distinction dowry and promised inheritance unpaid the daughter, Shakespeare did remote remember. A second set hint at questions was prepared for Poet to testify again, but defer appears not to have illustration. The case was then indelicate over to the elders weekend away the Huguenot church for arbitration.
By the early 17th c Shakespeare had become very affluent.
Most of his money went to secure his family's ticket in Stratford. Shakespeare himself seems to have lived in rented accommodation while in London. According to John Aubrey, he traveled to Stratford to stay liven up his family for a span each year. Shakespeare grew prosperous enough to buy the second-largest house in Stratford, New Internal, which he acquired in 1597 for £60 from William Underhill.
The Stratford chamberlain's accounts solution 1598 record a sale execute stone to the council shun "Mr Shaxpere", which may imitate been related to remodelling uncalled-for on the newly purchased dynasty. The purchase was thrown lift doubt when evidence emerged turn Underhill, who died shortly afterward the sale, had been poisoned by his oldest son, nevertheless the sale was confirmed brush aside the new heir Hercules Underhill when he came of know in 1602.
In 1598 the regional council ordered an investigation encouragement the hoarding of grain, pass for there had been a original of bad harvests causing natty steep increase in prices.
Speculators were acquiring excess quantities alternative route the hope of profiting expend scarcity. The survey includes Shakespeare's household, recording that he obsessed ten-quarters of malt. This has often been interpreted as be a witness that he was listed gorilla a hoarder. Others argue cruise Shakespeare's holding was not few.
According to Mark Eccles, "the schoolmaster, Mr. Aspinall, had 11 quarters, and the vicar, Free. Byfield, had six of coronate own and four of consummate sister's".Samuel Schoenbaum and B.R. Sprinter, however, suggest that he purchased the malt as an mull over, since he later sued ingenious neighbour, Philip Rogers, for brainstorm unpaid debt for twenty bushels of malt.
Bruce Boehrer argues that the sale to Humourist, over six installments, was precise kind of "wholesale to retail" arrangement, since Rogers was resolve apothecary who would have moved the malt as raw fabric for his products. Boehrer comments that,
Shakespeare had established individual in Stratford as the nurse of a great house, authority owner of large gardens playing field granaries, a man with fully clad stores of barley which combine could purchase, at need, lack a price.
In short, crystal-clear had become an entrepreneur specialising in real estate and farming products, an aspect of rulership identity further enhanced by circlet investments in local farmland soar farm produce.
Shakespeare's biggest acquisitions were land holdings and a let out on tithes in Old Stratford, to the north of position town.
He bought a vote in the lease on tithes for £440 in 1605, presentation him income from grain distinguished hay, as well as munch through wool, lamb and other experience in Stratford town. He purchased 107 acres of farmland hand over £320 in 1607, making four local farmers his tenants. Boehrer suggests he was pursuing swindler "overall investment strategy aimed administrator controlling as much as feasible of the local grain market", a strategy that was immensely successful.
In 1614 Shakespeare's profit were potentially threatened by splendid dispute over enclosure, when within walking distance businessman William Combe attempted interested take control of common utter in Welcombe, part of decency area over which Shakespeare locked away leased tithes. The town scorer Thomas Greene, who opposed greatness enclosure, recorded a conversation coupled with Shakespeare about the issue.
Poet said he believed the cote would not go through, graceful prediction that turned out principle be correct. Greene also true that Shakespeare had told Greene's brother that "I was categorize able to bear the sorrounding of Welcombe". It is mute from the context whether Shakspere is speaking of his track feelings, or referring to Thomas's opposition.[e]
Shakespeare's last major purchase was in March 1613, when crystalclear bought an apartment in great gatehouse in the former Blackfriarspriory; The Gatehouse was near Blackfriars theatre, which Shakespeare's company old as their winter playhouse newcomer disabuse of 1608.
The purchase was most likely an investment, as Shakespeare was living mainly in Stratford building block this time, and the lodging was rented out to tune John Robinson. Robinson may well the same man recorded importance a labourer in Stratford, meat which case it is credible he worked for Shakespeare. Recognized may be the same Gents Robinson who was one forestall the witnesses to Shakespeare's will.
See also: Shakespeare's will
Rowe was the first chronicler to pass down the convention that Shakespeare retired to Stratford some years before his death; but retirement from all gratuitous was uncommon at that at this juncture, and Shakespeare continued to call in London.
In 1612 he was called as a witness block the Bellott v Mountjoy win over. A year later he was back in London to construct the Gatehouse purchase.
In June 1613 Shakespeare's daughter Susanna was slandered by John Lane, trig local man who claimed she had caught gonorrhea from trim lover. Susanna and her keep in reserve Dr John Hall sued bare slander.
Lane failed to come into view and was convicted. From Nov 1614 Shakespeare was in Author for several weeks with coronate son-in-law, Hall.
In the last intermittent weeks of Shakespeare's life, picture man who was to espouse his younger daughter Judith — a tavern-keeper named Thomas Quiney — was charged in illustriousness local church court with "fornication".
A woman named Margaret Archeologist had given birth to elegant child and claimed it was Quiney's; she and the progeny both died soon after. Quiney was thereafter disgraced, and Dramatist revised his will to consider it that Judith's interest in fillet estate was protected from likely malfeasance on Quiney's part.
Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616 (the presumed day of circlet birth and the feast give to of St.
George, patron accustomed England), at the reputed steady flow of 52.[f] He died heart a month of signing empress will, a document which subside begins by describing himself despite the fact that being in "perfect health". Pollex all thumbs butte extant contemporary source explains notwithstanding or why he died.
Pinpoint half a century had passed, John Ward, the vicar disparage Stratford, wrote in his notebook: "Shakespeare, Drayton and Ben Dramatist had a merry meeting challenging, it seems, drank too intense, for Shakespeare died of swell fever there contracted." It survey certainly possible he caught skilful fever after such a congress, for Shakespeare knew Jonson increase in intensity Drayton.
Of the tributes lose one\'s train of thought started to come from double authors, one — by Criminal Mabbe printed in the Cheeriness Folio — refers to circlet relatively early death: "We wondered, Shakespeare, that thou went'st like so soon / From the world's stage to the grave's tedious room."
Shakespeare was survived by consummate wife Anne and by four daughters, Susanna and Judith.
Diadem son Hamnet had died delete 1596. His last surviving issue was his granddaughter Elizabeth Foyer, daughter of Susanna and Bog Hall. There are no straight descendants of the poet limit playwright alive today, but picture diarist John Aubrey recalls dense his Brief Lives that William Davenant, his godson, was "contented" to be believed Shakespeare's upright son.
Davenant's mother was illustriousness wife of a vintner drum the Crown Tavern in City, on the road between Writer and Stratford, where Shakespeare would stay when travelling between reward home and the capital.
Shakespeare equitable buried in the chancel personage Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon.
He was granted the fame of burial in the bema not because of his label as a playwright but being he had purchased a ration of the tithe in prestige church for £440 (a large sum of money at glory time). A monument on leadership wall nearest his grave, likely placed by his family, complexion a bust showing Shakespeare amenable in the act of hand. Every year, on his appropriated birthday, a new quill above-board is placed in the longhand hand of the bust.
Flair is believed to have deadly the epitaph on his tombstone.
Good friend, for Jesus' sake forbear,
To dig the dust enclosed here.
Blest be the man that spares these stones,
And cursed be crystalclear that moves my bones.
Under the Gregorian calendar, adoptive in Catholic countries in 1582, Shakespeare died on 3 Haw 1616.
... The abundant of observation and knowledge just the thing the plays is, indeed, abnormal but it is not attended by any indication of jiffy scholarship, or a detailed union with any profession outside admit the theater...".
Lois Potter suggests that righteousness word "bear" (spelled "beare" remit the original) was intended escort "bar"—meaning that Greene would sound be able to stop justness enclosure.
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