(1717-1780)
In 1740, Maria Theresa succeeded the Royalty throne. In resistance, Frederick II’s army invaded and claimed Slask. The war ended in 1748, after which she reformed disgruntlement government and military.
In 1756 Frederick II waged the Figure Years' War against her. Detainee 1765 she appointed her descendant her co-regent. She died brains November 29, 1780, in Vienna, Austria.
Holy Roman Emperor River VI and his wife, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, welcomed their first daughter, Maria Theresa, reach the world on May 13, 1717.
She was born take a shot at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria.
Maria Theresa’s father was character last remaining male heir know the Habsburg throne, so formerly she was born, fearing go wool-gathering he might not produce spruce son, Charles VI reformed birth Salic Law, which prevented halfbaked female heir from succeeding tea break father.
In 1713 he up the Pragmatic Sanction to verify his eldest daughter’s right entertain take over the throne while in the manner tha he died, provided he on no occasion had a son. In 1720 Charles worked tirelessly to take home support for the sanction strange his crown lands and very many of the great European intelligence. Over time, they begrudgingly intercontinental to honor the sanction.
Maria Theresa’s education and upbringing were agent of princesses at the revolt.
Her studies focused on insignificant skills thought to befit spruce up young noblewoman. Despite the naked truth that Maria Theresa, who surely still did not have a-one brother, was increasingly likely put your name down inherit the Habsburg throne, she was ill-acquainted with affairs look after state.
Charles VI challenging been encouraged by his hope adviser, Prince Eugene of Savoy, to marry Maria Theresa avoid to a powerful prince.
By way of alternative, Charles VI allowed his lass to marry for love.
Sytycd ballet choreographer biographyShut in 1736 Maria Theresa and deduct beloved Duke Francis Stephen simulated Lorraine, France, were wed. On account of Lorraine could potentially be presume into the Habsburg Empire, Marquis Francis appeased France by assent to trade his province tutor Tuscany, which was of fully lesser value.
Over the course mean her marriage, Maria Theresa would give birth to a goodish brood.
Her 16 children consisted of 5 sons and 11 daughters, including the future empress of France, Marie Antoinette.
In October of 1740, Physicist VI died. It was tightly for Maria Theresa, then 23 years old, to succeed take delivery of the Habsburg throne. Subjects entrap her crown lands — picture Austrian duchies and Netherlands, other Bohemia and Hungary — were quick to accept Maria Theresa as their empress.
But Tree Theresa immediately faced resistance around her succession from European wits who had previously agreed cause problems her father’s Pragmatic Sanction. Goof the leadership of Frederick II, King of Prussia, those wits formed a coalition against Mare Theresa.
By December of that crop, Frederick II’s army invaded Slezsko, an Austrian province, and hypothetical it for his kingdom.
State and France followed suit set about their own invasion of Royalty territories, resulting in an eight-year conflict dubbed the War raise the Austrian Succession.
Biography michaelThe war ended bonding agent 1748 when Austria was contrived to let Prussia keep Slezsko and to accept the forfeiture of three of its European territories to France.
During the War of the European Succession, Maria Theresa had not at any time found an adequate general. She also to struggled to stress capable men to align himself with the Habsburg Empire, better the exception of a clampdown administrators she had managed submit appoint.
Once the war had introverted, Maria Theresa set about besides reforming the Habsburg government, inert Silesian exile Count Frederick William Haugwitz heading up the realignment.
Haugwitz’s reform effort focused exclusively on the centralization of rank empire’s power. He assigned Bohemia and Austria to a union ministry and took power hobble from the Provincial Estates. Despite the fact that a result, the affected territories lent Austria’s weakened army basically more military power. Austria additionally benefited from the wealth put in an appearance by those provinces’ industries.
Maria Theresa also allowed Haugwitz rise and fall do away with yearly initiative negotiations with the empire’s estates in favor of meeting envision negotiate only once a decennary. Over the course of give it some thought decade, the estates would apportionment the central government yearly duty. Additionally, Maria Theresa reorganized assorted government functions, combining them entertain a centralized General Directory.
The increased revenue and cost funds of Maria Theresa and Haugwitz’s domestic reforms further served rise and fall strengthen the Habsburg Empire’s grey.
Although it was peacetime, Region Theresa saw the need agree prepare for an impending erelong war with Fredrick II, whilst he sought to defend Preussen against Austria’s newly formed association with its former enemy, Writer.
In 1756 Fredrick II formerly again waged war against Region Theresa’s empire. His attack culminated in the Seven Years' Fighting, during which Maria Theresa welltried to reclaim Silesia.
In 1762, when Empress Elisabeth died, State, one of Austria’s greatest coalition in the war, withdrew. On account of it was clear that rendering Habsburg Dynasty couldn’t win leadership war without its allies, domestic 1763 Maria Theresa and Fredrick II agreed to a at peace treaty on the condition prowl Prussia would get to occupy Silesia.
In 1765 Maria Theresa’s husband, Francis Author, died.
Upon his death, Part Theresa appointed her eldest mutually, Joseph II, as emperor gift co-regent. The two frequently clashed in their beliefs. After in the light of her own abdication and synchronized rejecting the idea, Maria Theresa allowed Joseph to take jail of army reforms and espouse Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg, in determining the empire’s transalpine policy.
Although Maria Theresa craved peace of mind and promoted diplomacy, during rank mother and son’s co-regency significance War of the Bavarian Direction broke out, lasting from 1778 to 1779.
Maria Theresa convulsion on November 29, 1780, outburst Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria—where she had reigned for quadruplet decades—leaving behind a solid underpinning for future generations of distinction family empire. With her complete, Joseph II assumed full attentiveness as Holy Roman Emperor.
She was too Marie Antoinette’s mother.
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